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The Cave of the Patriarchs, also called the Cave of Machpelah (Hebrew: מערת המכפלה, '' '', trans. "cave of the double tombs") and known by Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham or the Ibrahimi Mosque ((アラビア語:الحرم الإبراهيمي), '), is a series of subterranean chambers located in the heart of the old city of Hebron (Al-Khalil) in the Hebron Hills. According to tradition that has been associated with both the Torah and the Quran, the cave and adjoining field were purchased by Abraham as a burial plot. The site of the Cave of the Patriarchs is located beneath a Saladin-era mosque, which had been converted from a large rectangular Herodian-era Judean structure. The Hebrew name of the complex reflects the very old tradition of the double tombs of Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, Jacob and Leah, considered the Patriarchs and Matriarchs of the Jewish people, who are all believed to be buried there. The only Jewish matriarch missing is Rachel, who is believed to be buried near Bethlehem where she died in childbirth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cave of Machpelah ) What became of Jacob's two concubines, "Bilhah, Rachel’s handmaid", and "Zilpah, Leah’s handmaid" (Genesis 35:25–26) is not known.〕 The Arabic name of the complex reflects the prominence given to Abraham, revered by Muslims as a Quranic prophet and patriarch through Ishmael. Outside biblical and Quranic sources there are a number of legends and traditions associated with the cave. In Acts 7:16 of the Christian Bible the cave of the Patriarchs is located in Shechem ((ラテン語:Neapolis); Arabic: ''Nablus''). ==Biblical origin== According to the Book of , Sarah, the wife of Abraham, "died in Kiryat-arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan". Abraham the Hebrew (''Avraham Ha-Ivri'') was tending to business elsewhere〔 see (Age of Abraham )〕 when she died, at the age of 127 years,〔Sarah is the only woman in the Hebrew Bible whose full age is given.〕 and he "came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her." (Genesis 23:2) After a while, he stood up and spoke to the "sons of Heth" and requested they give him a possession as a "burying place", and they offered him his "choice" of their sepulchres. And then in verse 7 he again "stood up" to speak to them. Abraham then requested that Ephron the Hittite, the son of Zohar, give him the cave of Machpelah, in the end of his field, "for as much money as it is worth". (verse 9) After Ephron confirmed that he would give the cave, in verse 11, Abraham further requested that he give him the field for money, in verse 13. Ephron agreed and named a price. Genesis 23:16 ¶ And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current ''money'' with the merchant. () And the field of Ephron, which ''was'' in Machpelah, which ''was'' before Mamre, the field, and the cave which ''was'' therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure () Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city. The burial of Sarah is the first account of a burial〔Easton's Bible Dictionary "Burial"〕 in the Bible, and this is the first commercial transaction mentioned. The next burial in the cave of Machpelah is that of Abraham, who lived "an hundred threescore and fifteen years" – 100 years unto the birth of Isaac, and threescore (60) more years unto the births of Esau and Jacob, with whom he spent his last 15 years.〔 〕 The title deed to the cave was part of the property of Abraham that passed to his son Isaac in .〔Easton's Bible Dictionary "Machpelah"〕 Genesis 25:9 And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which ''is'' before Mamre; () The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth: there was Abraham buried, and Sarah his wife. Isaac was 180 years old when he died, and his sons Esau and Jacob buried him. () As noted above, Isaac was 60 when they were born, so they were 120 years old here, which is 10 years before Jacob, at the age of 130, stood before Pharaoh in . Jacob died later at the age of 147 years. () There is no mention of how or when Isaac's wife Rebecca died, but she is included in the list of those that had been buried in Machpelah in Jacob's final words to the children of Israel: Genesis 49:29 And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that ''is'' in the field of Ephron the Hittite, () In the cave that ''is'' in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a buryingplace. () There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah. () The purchase of the field and of the cave that ''is'' therein ''was'' from the children of Heth. () And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. In the final chapter of Genesis, Joseph had his physicians embalm his father, before they removed him from Egypt to be buried in the cave of the field of Machpelah. () When Joseph died in the last verse, he was also embalmed. He was buried much later in Shechem () after the children of Israel came into the promised land. In Acts 7:16, Stephen claims that the cave of the Patriarchs is located in Shechem. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cave of the Patriarchs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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